In 1931 the Congress established the talking-book program, which was intended to help blind adults who couldn't read print. This program was called ``Books for the Adult Blind Project``. The American Foundation for the Blind developed first talking books in 1932. One year later the first reproduction machine began the process of mass publishing. By 1935, after Congress approved free mailings of audio books to blind citizens, the Books for the Adult Blind Project was in full operation. In 1992 the National Library Service (NLS) for Blind and Physically Handicapped network circulated millions of recorded books to more than 700,000 handicapped listeners. All NLS recordings were created by professionals.

With the development of portable cassette recorders audiotapes had become very popular and by the late 1960s libraries became a source of free audio books on cassettes. Instructional and educational recordings came first followed by self-help tapes, and then by literature and fiction. In 1970 Books on Tape Corporation started rental plans for audio books distribution. The company expanded their services selling their products to libraries. Audio books gained more and more popularity. By the middle of 1980s the audio publishing business grew to several billion dollars a year. The new companies, Recorded Books and Chivers Audio Books, were the first to develop integrated production teams and to work with professional actors. And since libraries made up the largest segment of their market space, Chivers Audio Books established close connections with them from the very beginning of the company's existence.

Tracy Hogg who died from cancer on November 25 2004 aged 44, built a career as an expert in child-care and was nicknamed "the baby whisperer" for her ability to placate unruly infants. Although British, she made her name in the eclectic state of California, where she was hired as a maternity nurse and adviser by many Hollywood stars, among them Jodie Foster, Cindy Crawford, Jamie Lee Curtis and Calista Flockhart; even Arnold Schwarzenegger is said to have sought her counsel. The Yorkshire-born Dr Dolittle of the nursery always addressed her employers as "love" or "duck". It was a Hollywood producer who first referred to her as "the baby whisperer" - a reference to the book and film The Horse Whisperer, about a racehorse trainer with an uncanny ability to communicate with animals. She once said: "I've looked after so many thousands of babies, I can understand their language. And I teach new parents to understand their baby too. I also get babies on a routine, so that after three weeks they're sleeping through the night." Her fee for three weeks as a maternity nurse was more than ,000. If there was nothing particularly original about Tracy Hogg's approach to baby care, she had, according to her web site, "an uncanny ability to understand what babies need by listening to their cries and tuning in to their body language." This ability had probably been sharpened by earlier work she had undertaken with disabled children, who often lack verbal communication skills. Tracy Hogg was born to a large dairy-farming family near Doncaster, South Yorkshire, in August 1960. As a child she enjoyed accompanying her grandfather as he made his rounds at a local mental hospital, where he was head nurse. She attended the Doncaster School of Nursing. specialising in children with severe mental and physical disabilities. She underwent further training at Great Ormond Street, at the Children's Hospital in Leeds, and also did a stint with the World Health Organisation in India. At St Catherine's Hospital, Doncaster, she looked after children with learning difficulties. In 1992 she moved to America with her second husband, a car dealer, leaving her two young daughters from her first marriage in the care of their grandmother. This led some to question her parenting abilities, but Tracy Hogg wanted her children to continue their education in England, and the girls joined her during the holidays. Soon after arriving in Los Angeles, she was asked to help out a family with a new-born baby. The mother was Marilu Henner, who starred in the television sitcom Taxi. After that, reports of Tracy Hogg's skills spread by word of mouth. She went on to open a baby supplies store and set up an internet site, describing herself as "a British-trained nurse, lactation educator, and newborn consultant". In addition to working with individual clients, she organised classes for parents and trained child-care workers. In 1997 she produced an audio-tape for breast-feeding mothers which was designed to induce relaxation and reduce anxiety.

Classic texts, amateur audiobooks, and the grand future of online peer production In the dim, humid basement of his Maryland home, Michael Scherer, a tall 38-year-old with the long, square beard of a mandolin player or a monk, leans toward a rebuilt Russian tube microphone, desperate for silence so he can begin recording a 200-year-old essay by an American founding father. Even in the makeshift studio he has constructed, with thick blankets hanging from nails in the joists and the basement windows plugged with fiberglass, the sounds of lawnmowers, car alarms, birds, air conditioners, and children kicking balls in the street still intrude. “I have to hold on a minute here—there’s a, there’s a truck,” he says. A few seconds later, the truck passes, and he reads in his deep, resonant voice, “The Federalist.” He stops, clears his throat, and begins again. “The Federalist, No. 19.” Scherer posts some of his recordings to LibriVox, an online community of several thousand people all over the world who read and record public domain books, then post them as podcasts that can be downloaded for free. Some LibriVoxers read; others proof, tag, and catalog the sound files, greet newbies, or manage ongoing book projects. After about a year and a half, LibriVox’s catalog contains more than 400 completed works, including novels, poems, histories, travel books, and plays, making it one of the largest audiobook publishers. The goal? To record every book in the public domain, which means everything published before 1923.